Thursday, July 25, 2019

Carrying Forward the Spirit of the Reformation, Ps George Skariah, Covenant Reformed Church (Covenant BPC), Bangalore


Pass on the Torch: Carrying Forward the Spirit of Reformation

Our God is a true and faithful God who keeps His promises forever sure and secure. In the midst of spiritual perversion and deception, because of sinfulness of man and craftiness of the devil, God protects and preserves the purity of His Word and the gospel from one generation to another. Concerning God’s Word, the Lord makes this promise, recorded in Psalm 12:6-7, “The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.” Again, the Lord speaks through His prophet Isaiah in Isaiah 59:21, “As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever.”

How does the Lord protect and preserve the truthfulness of His Word and the purity of the gospel? It is through His faithful church. R B Kuiper, a Reformed theologian of the previous century wrote, “In this world, which under the spell of the liar from the beginning has become a dark den of falsehood and deception, there is one institution whose sole concern is to hold high the torch of God’s special revelation. That distinction belongs to the Christian church” (The Glorious Body of Christ).

In every generation, God seeks faithful men in the church to faithfully carry forward the truth He has committed to the church. In the Old Testament, God called Israel, and committed to them His Word, and He prepared faithful men through all generations in the Old Testament to faithfully preserve the truth or the testimony of God. In the midst of many unfaithful ones, God still had His faithful remnants through His chosen prophets, priests, and kings. We have the great testimony of Ezra, the Scribe, recorded in Ezra 7:10, “For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the LORD, and to do it, and to teach in Israel statutes and judgments.” Similarly, we see the same pattern in the New Testament as well. The Apostles were specially chosen by the Lord Jesus Christ Himself to carry faithfully forward the gospel legacy. They faithfully passed on the words of Christ and the faithful church received them. The Apostle Paul records the testimony of the Thessalonian church, “For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe” (1 Thessalonians 2:13).

This means that every generation, in the church of God, has a responsibility to leave behind a spiritual legacy as the torch of the truth of God needs to be passed on. This legacy must be true to God’s Word and faithful to God’s will and His plan for the church. The Apostle Paul instructed the young preacher Timothy to faithfully pass on the gospel treasure he has received from the faithful men of old. Paul says, “Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also” (2 Timothy 2:1-2).

This year being the 500th anniversary of the great Protestant Reformation movement of the 16th Century, we would like to revisit the biblical mandate for passing on the torch of God. It was the Reformation movement that safeguarded the torch of the truth of God when there was spiritual darkness everywhere due to the monopoly of the apostate Roman Catholic Church for many centuries. The 16th Century Reformation was a God ordained movement to liberate the true church from the wrong influence of the apostate religious system, dominated by Rome, and to revive the true church with the truth of God. We, the Protestant Christians, are the sons and daughters of the Reformation, and therefore must stand up for the cause the Reformers stood, and we must faithfully pass it on to the next generation.

Biblical Pattern

It was generally understood that for the early and medieval stage of the writing and preservation of the Old Testament, it was done over three periods, namely, Priestly (1450-400 BC), Scribal (400 BC-AD 500), and Masoretic (AD 500-1000). Almost all of the Old Testament books were written during the first period. It is called Priestly because the Levitical priests were given the charge of safekeeping the Scriptures. After them came the Scribes, who were primarily responsible for copying the texts from the autographs (the handwritten, inspired, inerrant, original copies of the Scriptures). The Masoretes, who followed the Scribes, were Jewish scholars who gave their lives for the faithful transmission of the Word of God of the Hebrew text.

In the Old Testament, God called the people of Israel and made them His chosen people to be the custodian of the truth. God gave His revelation of the truth to Moses and to the other prophets of old. The Apostle Peter reveals this, “Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost” (2 Peter 1:20-21). When the Apostle Paul was explaining the advantages the Jewish people were having, he reminded them that God had committed with them His Word, “What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of circumcision? Much every way: chiefly, because that unto them were committed the oracles of God” (Romans 3:1-2). God gave the true Israel the responsibility of safeguarding the truth. They were the safe-keepers of the Old Testament Scripture. God then called a special group of people in the Old Testament system, the Scribes, to meticulously copy the Scriptures and to faithfully preserve them generation after generation. Ezra in the Old Testament was a ready scribe, who committed his whole life for the faithful transmission of God’s Word.

In the New Testament, the church is described as “the pillar and ground of the truth” (1 Timothy 3:15). The function of the pillar is to uphold the structures, and that of the ground is to provide a strong foundation. The function of the church as the pillar and ground of the truth is therefore to uphold the truth. The church is not to question the truth, but to accept the truth. The church is not to add any new thing to the truth, but to receive it faithfully and preserve it. The church in Thessalonica did the same thing, and the Apostle Paul, who being their spiritual father, commended their faithfulness to the Scripture, “For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe” (1 Thessalonians 2:13). The responsibility of the church is to faithfully interpret the truth, practice it, and preserve it by passing it on to the next generation.

The apostolic writings, which are recorded in the New Testament, are the very words of God, which the Church received accordingly. The Apostle Paul affirms this in many places of his writings. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-4 Paul says, “Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand; By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain.  For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures.” Paul says the same in Galatians 1:11-12, “But I certify you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man. For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.” Further, Paul says in 1 Corinthians 2:10, 12-13, “But God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit: for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God. . . . Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God. Which things also we speak, not in the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth; comparing spiritual things with spiritual.”

Having this thing in mind, the Apostle Paul reminds his spiritual son, Timothy, who was appointed as a pastor to the church in Ephesus, “Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also” (2 Timothy 2:1-2). Interestingly, one can observe four generations of passing on the truth of God is mentioned here: from Paul, to Timothy, from Timothy to faithful men, and from faithful men to others. Paul speaks of “the things that thou hast heard of me.” The things Timothy heard of Paul were the gospel truth of salvation and all the counsel of God that Paul explained to Timothy time after time. In 2 Timothy 1:13 Paul mentions these as “sound words”, “Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me, in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus.” The “sound words” are correct biblical teachings that promote spiritual health. Timothy has to “keep” the sound words, as Paul says to him in verse 14, “That good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the Holy Ghost which dwelleth in us.” Significantly, one needs to note that the word “keep” (phylasso in Greek) is a military term, meaning “guard” (same word is used in verse 12). This means Timothy has to “keep on guard” what he has received of Paul and of the forefathers, the Old Testament Scriptures, and the teachings of Christ and His Apostles (2 Timothy 3:10-17). Having safe-guarded, he has to pass on “the same” to faithful men that they would be able to pass on to others “the same.” What an awesome responsibility God has entrusted with his faithful children!

Historical Pattern

Today the church has “the same” truth as God has providentially preserved His truth through His faithful men throughout the history of the Church and passed on to the present generation. What Paul taught Timothy he also recorded in his epistles. What Paul taught Timothy was not divorced from the Old Testament Scriptures but rooted in them, as his epistles demonstrate. The rest of the New Testament Scriptures, not written by Paul, complement what Paul taught and wrote. After the apostles have passed away from the scene, three important developments took place: (1) the Holy Spirit guided the early Christians to gather together the individual New Testament books and identify them as canonical (authentic inspired writings) and reject all non-canonical books; (2) the Holy Spirit guided the early Church to preserve the New Testament writings by carefully copying down from the original inspired writings (autographs); and (3) the church through various Councils and Confessions/Creeds derived the doctrinal clarity for the faith and practices of the church. God, through this process, has providentially preserved the gospel truth till this generation and has passed on to our hands the complete and perfect words of God and the truth of God.

For the faithful transmission of the inspired and inerrant words of God (the Bible), we believe that God through “His singular care and providence” preserved the traditional family of text, known as the Byzantine family of text or the Received Text (Textus Receptus) or the Traditional Text against the corrupted Critical Text. Edward Hills writes, “This is the text which was preserved by the God-guided usage of the Greek Church. Critics have called it the Byzantine text, thereby acknowledging that it was the text in use in the Greek Church during the greater part of the Byzantine period (452-1453). It is much better, however, to call this text the Traditional Text. When we call the text found in the majority of the Greek New Testament manuscripts the Traditional Text, we signify that this is the text which has been handed down by the God-guided tradition of the Church from the time of the Apostles unto the present day” (King James Version Defended, 106.)

During the medieval period of the Dark Ages, God has preserved the Traditional Text. Hills further writes, “It was the Greek-speaking Church especially which was the object of God’s providential guidance regarding the New Testament text because this was the Church to which the keeping of the Greek New Testament had been committed. But this divine guidance was by no means confined to those ancient Christians who spoke Greek. On the contrary, indications can be found in the ancient New Testament versions of this same God-guided movement of the Church away from readings which were false and misleading and toward those which were true and trustworthy” (ibid., 186-87.) This providence of God could be seen in the Syrian Church, Latin Church, Coptic (Egyptian) Church, and in the Protestant Reformation of the 16th Century. We thank the Lord for the King James Version Bible in the English language which is a faithful translation from the Traditional Text.

For the doctrinal purity, there were many Church councils met in the early period of the Church history to discuss and debate on various theological issues, and finally arrived at the correct understanding of the Scriptural teaching of those issues. God raised many Church Fathers, such as, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Augustine of Hippo during the first four hundred years of the Church history in order to preserve the purity of God’s truth.

It was during the great Reformation period that the purity of the gospel was further preserved. When the stage for the Reformation was set in the Western Europe, God in His providence enabled the reformers to have access to the providentially preserved Greek manuscripts (hand-written copies) from the Greek Church, and that sparked the flame of the Reformation. The Renaissance and the invention of the printing press opened a new era of knowledge seeking and propagation of the same. The new environment influenced people like William Tyndale, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Theodore Beza, and many others to publish the Greek and English Bibles. When Martin Luther came to the fore, in the early part of the 16th Century, the ground work was done for him to take the gospel movement forward. The Five Solas of Reformation highlight the doctrinal stand of the reformers, namely, (1) Sola Scriptura (Scripture Alone), (2) Sola Gratia (Grace Alone), (3) Sola Fide (Faith Alone), (4) Solus Christus (Christ Alone), and (5) Soli Deo Gloria (Glory to God Alone). To this, the followers of John Calvin later added the Five Points of Calvinism, known as the TULIP, namely, (1) Total Depravity (man by nature is totally incapable of doing any good that would merit him salvation), (2) Unconditional Election (a person comes to believe in God because God, in eternity past, out of His absolute sovereignty, chose some to believe in Him), (3) Limited Atonement (the effect of Christ’s death on the Cross, though sufficient for all people, is efficient only to the elect of God), (4) Irresistible Grace (when God, according to His sovereign election, effectually calls a sinner to bestow upon him the gracious salvation, that person can never resist God’s gracious offer of salvation) and (5) Perseverance of Saints (God preserves His elect person as he responds to His salvation offer, and persevere till the end, enduring temptation, fight the battle of faith, and obtain the final victory in the Day of the Lord Jesus Christ). This shows how committed the reformers were for the faithful preservation of the Word of God and to keep the doctrinal purity of the Church intact.

For the Reformation movement, God found men almost everywhere where He wanted to reform the church. If Luther was for Germany, in England it was William Tyndale, Thomas Cranmer, and the English Puritans. Simultaneously, there was Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin for Switzerland, John Knox for Scotland, and John Calvin for France as well. The English Puritans like John Owen, Thomas Watson, and many others further took the movement into the 16th and 17th Centuries. For the 18th Century, God prepared men like the Wesley brothers, John and Charles Wesley, George Whitfield, and Jonathan Edwards. Through their faithful preaching and teaching of God’s truth, there was great spiritual revival and awakening brought into the English speaking world, both in Europe and North America. This was the time the gospel missions movement started to spread the Word across the continents. The Word of God, from the faithful family of text, was faithfully translated into the many vernacular languages by the missionaries who travelled to the four corners of the earth. Providentially, the echo of the Reformation reached India as well through the Baptist missions, and we want to thank the Lord for the work of William Carey and many other missionaries who faithfully translated the Bible into the local languages.

Then in the 19th and early 20th Centuries, the Church witnessed the attack of the Liberalism, Modernism, and later, Pentacostalism/Charismaticism. This was the time the Lord raised the great Princeton Seminary in the United States and there were 5 great Princeton Scholars, all Reformed Theologians, to preserve the Reformed Faith and take it forward. They were Archibald Alexander (the Founder and First Principal of Princeton), Charles Hodge (who succeeded A Alexander as the Second Principal), A A Hodge (who followed the father’s footsteps), Benjamin Warfield, and J Gresham Machen. From 1812 till 1929, they ruled the Princeton. They were all not only great teachers of the Word, but also men with sharp pen, and they were able to produce great works to defend the Reformed Faith. Both the father and son Hodges wrote the Systematic Theology volumes, Warfield wrote Counterfeit Miracles, Inspiration and the Authority of the Bible, and Machen wrote What is Faith, Christianity and Liberalism, and The Virgin Birth of Christ, to name only a few.

Later Machen had to leave Princeton due to the influence of the Liberalism at Princeton, and as a result, he established the Westminster Theological Seminary and the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC). Carl McIntire, who was his student at that time, also joined him in the effort of preserving the purity of the gospel against the onslaught of the Liberalism. (Liberalism questioned the Five Fundamentals of the Christian faith, namely, the Deity of the Lord Jesus Christ, the Virgin Birth of Christ, the Blood Atonement of Christ, the Bodily Resurrection of Christ, and the Inerrancy and Infallibility and the faithful preservation of the Word of God). The history of the church witnessed the rise of Ecumenism at that time with the effort of uniting the church under one roof, and that way trying to take the Protestant church back to the Roman Catholicism, and inviting people of other faiths into dialogues and co-operations. Pluralism—all faiths lead to salvation—was their mantra. McIntire vehemently opposed this, and to take the battle of biblical purity forward, he established the Faith Theological Seminary and the Bible-Presbyterian Church (BPC). Oliver Buswell and Allan MacRae joined him, but later Buswell left to start Covenant Theological Seminary, and MacRae to Biblical Theological Seminary.

Simultaneously God also raised several men, theologians and preachers, to preserve the pure gospel, and to pass on the gospel torch to the generation in the 21st Century. Following is a selected list of those great men of faith, of whom some have gone to the other shore, having completed their task, and others still labor on: Martin Lloyd Jones, A W Pink, William Barclay, Louis Berkhof, William Hendrikson, Loraine Boettner, Calf F Henry, John Murray, Ian Murray, Roger Nicole, Cornelius Van Til, Anthony A Hoekema, Kevin Vanhoozer, Charles Spurgeon, Peter Masters, John Witcomb, John Davis, Timothy Tow, RC Sproul, James Montgomery Boice, Joel Beeke, etc.

Timothy Tow from Singapore was a student of Carl McIntire at Faith Seminary, who later came back to Singapore to establish the Bible-Presbyterian churches in the Far Eastern region, and a Reformed Bible Seminary. By God’s providence, in 1990, I got the privilege of learning Reformed theology from him when I became his student at the Far Eastern Bible College, Singapore. In my early years, I was also mentored by Bishop M K Koshy (St Thomas Evangelical Church of India), who was also a student of Carl McIntire at Faith Seminary.

Present Condition and Need

Today is an age of great spiritual perversion and apostasy (falling away from the truth). The Apostle Jude warned the church about the prevailing situation, recorded in Jude 4-16. Jude says, “For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus Christ” (verse 4). These are not new things, but happened in the past as well, among God’s own people as the Prophet Ezekiel explains it in Ezekiel 22:23-29.

It is a tragedy that today many Christian churches, denominations, and Bible colleges and seminaries have neglected or conveniently avoided this paramount responsibility of preserving the purity of the gospel and faithfully passing on to the next generation. The talk out there in the church today is for ecumenical unity, a pluralistic unity of the church where Catholics and Protestants work hand in hand regardless of the cardinal doctrinal differences. This unity also aims at reaching out to other religions through dialogues to find a common platform for a unity of all faiths. This is a very dangerous trend that these churches that promote such an ecumenical unity may become not being a church.

Kuiper rightfully explains the present plight of the Church, “There have been times in the history of the church when it took that task seriously. During the first centuries of the Christian era and again in the age of the Protestant Reformation the church was much more concerned about the truth than about its own immediate peace and prosperity. The truth was dearer to the hearts of men than were their possessions, their lives, even their wives and children. In comparison, how sad is the church’s plight today! The cancer of doctrinal indifference is gnawing at its vitals. The insistent and wide-spread demand for church union and the truly tremendous emphasis on ecumenism are in many instances symptoms of that disease. And instead of casting out deniers of such cardinal Christian truths as the Holy Trinity, the deity of Christ and the substitutionary atonement, the church often bestows upon them its highest honors. Thus it has come to pass that in numerous instances the church, having ceased to contend for the faith once for all delivered to the saints, has ceased being the church.” (The Glorious Body of Christ). As people give so much emphasis on Christian unity among the many denominational churches today, may we be remembered that this unity can be possible only if we have the truth of God preserved through our churches.

In the midst of the spiritual perversion we see in the present day, will the Lord continue preserving His Church? Kuiper observes, “Will the church pass out of existence and the truth fail? No, never! The Spirit of truth will abide with and in the church forever (John 14:16). One denomination after another may become a false church, but there will always be a remnant according to the election of grace. The pillar and ground of the truth cannot be destroyed. Not even the gates of hell surpass it in strength. God Almighty Himself will see to it that His church continues to the end of time as custodian of the truth. Martin Luther was right when he sang:
And though this world with devils filled
Should threaten to undo us,
We will not fear, for God hath willed
His truth to triumph through us.
The church that has grown indifferent to the truth is, to put it mildly, on its way out. And the church that knowingly tolerates in its midst denial of the basic truths of the Word of God is itself guilty of such denial and by that very token has ceased being a true church. A church with a large membership, an imposing edifice, an elaborate ceremonial, an efficient organization and dignified vestments, but without the truth, is not a church. On the other hand, a church with a numerically negligible membership, with no building other than a lean-to, with the simplest order of worship, with a minimum of organization and with no clerical vestments at all, is a church of Jesus Christ if only it is loyal to the truth” (ibid.)

Our Task

Now, the most important question is where do we go from here? And the answer is: we need to carry forward the spirit of Reformation! For the present generation, it is our responsibility to stand up for the truth of God. The Apostle Jude reminds the Christians of his time, “Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints” (Jude 3). Later Jude exhorts them, “But, beloved, remember ye the words which were spoken before of the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ; How that they told you there should be mockers in the last time, who should walk after their own ungodly lusts. These be they who separate themselves, sensual, having not the Spirit. But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost, Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life. And of some have compassion, making a difference: And others save with fear, pulling them out of the fire; hating even the garment spotted by the flesh” (Jude 17-23).

What Jude exhorts Christians in his epistle is the need of the hour for the Christian church today! We should not be Christians for convenience sake, just going to church as tradition requires of us, but with a total indifference and carelessness to what the Lord truly requires of us. Contrary, we need to be Christians with great commitment to make a difference in our own lives and to the lives of the people around us. This can be possible only through the pure gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, and we need to be earnestly contending for this gospel. Paul exhorts the Philippians church, “Only let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel” (Philippians 1:27).

In order to realize this, a generation of godly men and women to be prepared in our midst. How much do we care for the spiritual wellbeing of our children? Do they know their Lord and Savior? Do they read their Bible regularly? Do you inject a desire in them to serve the Lord, some even for the fulltime service of the Lord, to be fulltime pastors and elders of the church? For that reason, do you dedicate your children or you only want them to be doctors and engineers? Do you care for your sons and daughters to defend the faith “once delivered unto the saints,” “with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel”?

Conclusion

Today, we, the Protestant Christians, are the sons and daughters of the Reformation, and therefore, we cannot ignore the spiritual legacy faithfully passed on to us by the faithful and courageous labor of our forefathers in the faith. As true and faithful Christians, we should stand up for the truth of God, faithfully learn it, practice it, and teach it to the present generation, so that the true spiritual legacy can be preserved from this generation to the next, and to the generations to come. It is the responsibility of every Christian, making sure that he is the faithful remnant, faithfully carrying forward the true biblical legacy. For this, he needs to be associated with a doctrinally sound, Bible-believing, and Bible-practicing church, where God’s Word is faithfully preached, taught, practiced, and preserved. This is our desire and commitment at Covenant, Bangalore, and for this reason that we have started the ministry of the Reformation Now publication five years ago. As the Christian church celebrates the Five Hundredth Anniversary of the Reformation Movement this year, we, through the special editions of the Reformation Now, want to challenge the Christian church to stand up for faithfully taking the spirit of the Reformation movement forward.

When so much distortion from the truth was happening in the Kingdom of Israel, as the people of God forsook God, and went after their own convenience, God spoke through prophet Jeremiah in Jeremiah 5:1, “Run ye to and fro through the streets of Jerusalem, and see now, and know, and seek in the broad places thereof, if ye can find a man, if there be any that executeth judgment, that seeketh the truth; and I will pardon it.” Later, the prophet Ezekiel wrote the words of the Lord, “And I sought for a man among them, that should make up the hedge, and stand in the gap before me for the land, that I should not destroy it: but I found none” (Ezekiel 22:30). God is looking for a man! What are the things God looks for in that man? He must be a man of the Book (the Word of God), a man of the gospel (grasp of the gospel), a man of true life (character), a man of Christ (true love and compassion), and a man of prayer (complete surrender to the will of God). Will you be that man whom the Lord is looking for in this generation for the gospel truth to be faithfully practiced and preserved? Will your son or daughter be that person? Will your church be the church which the Lord is looking for in order for the Word of God to be faithfully safeguarded and passed on? May the Lord help us!

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